In simple terms there are three basic stair railing designs:

The Post-to-Post (PTP)  Stair Railing System - A balustrade system in which the handrail runs between the newel post, with the top of the post projecting above the rail.

The Over-the-Post (OTP) Stair Railing System - A balustrade system in which the handrail runs over the post and is continuous (uninterrupted).

The Post-to-Post with Fittings - A balustrade system in which the handrail runs between the newel post using as series of fittings, with the top of the post projecting above the rail.